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巴黎雷欧:卢瓦尔河畔的法兰西珠串

巴黎雷欧:卢瓦尔河畔的法兰西珠串

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拉伯雷说:“生我养我的,是卢瓦尔河谷这个法兰西花园。”

王尔德说:“卢瓦尔河的水面上,一百个城镇和五百个城堡的倒影使它成为这个世界上最美妙的河流之一。”

巴尔扎克在他的《河谷中的百合花》里写道:“在这片梦幻般的土地上,每移动一步,都会发现一幅崭新的图画展现在眼前。而画框就是一条河流或一个平静的池塘,倒映着城堡、塔楼、公园和喷泉。”

很多人都知道,想要了解真正的法国,就要从卢瓦尔地区开始,如果说巴黎是法兰西的面颊,那么卢瓦尔河谷就是法国的内心。

02

卢瓦尔河畔,大量古迹聚集成一串。

俯视柯松河的香博堡( Chambord )——卢瓦尔河谷城堡群中最大的一个,中世纪较为典型的古堡布局,是法国君王狩猎的行宫。

拥抱安德尔河的阿泽勒丽多城堡(Azay-le-Rideau)——建在一个小岛上,是弗朗索瓦一世时期富有的财政官吉尔•贝特洛修建的,既吸收了来自意大利的新艺术风格,又完美的体现了法国建筑艺术。

伯乌荣河谷中的雪瓦尼城堡( Chateau de Cheverny)——从深壁高垒、塔楼林立,细部构造令人眼花缭乱的传统哥特式变成了朴素简洁的文艺复兴与古典风格结合的样式,是法国式建筑风格的开端。

巴黎雷欧:卢瓦尔河畔的法兰西珠串

03

由主堡垒 、长廊 、平台和圆塔串联而成、跨越卢瓦尔河支流谢尔河的舍农索城堡( Chenonceaux )——最富有浪漫情调的“水上城堡”,被喻为希尔河上的航船。两个大花园宛如两幅图案精美的地毯。它又称“妇人堡”, 先后有多位王后,宠妃和贵妇人在这里居住过,留下许多香艳缠绵的故事。

昂布瓦兹皇家城堡 ( Chateau Royal d'Amboise )——众多法国国王的居所,是弗郎索瓦一世凭着对文艺复兴艺术的喜爱,把意大利艺术风格引入卢瓦尔河畔的建筑群落……

巴黎雷欧:卢瓦尔河畔的法兰西珠串

04

英法百年战争,是世界上耗时最长的战争之一,先是英格兰和法兰西交战,后来加入勃艮地等,断续长达116年。

诺曼底公爵威廉征服英国之后,英国的大部分官员都由法国贵族担任,上等人士使用法语,英语成了农夫或商人的语言。英国人心中特别不服气,厌恶向法国低头。英国人作为法国的臣民,对于瞧不起英国人、事事干预英国并且总是高高在上的法国人,不仅是百姓,连已转变为英国人的诺曼底王和贵族也感到愤恨。英国痛下决心,要摆脱与法国的君臣关系,平等地与法国对话,于是打开了百年战争。

05

满肚子火气的英国人,战争伊始便占了绝对优势,一时间干到了巴黎。当时论人口数量,英国远远少于法国。但一直到圣女贞德解救法国之前,百年间法国人百战百败。

英法百年战争期间,法国王太子查理,被英王蛮横地剥夺了王位继承权,被英格兰人逐出巴黎,逃到相对安全的卢瓦尔河畔避难。

卢瓦尔河畔适于法国贵族偏安固守,是因为这里有坚固的防御堡垒,而后发展出了被历史学家称为“法式生活艺术”的卢瓦尔河黄金时期——皇家城堡、安全庄园、军事壁垒、宗教教堂……历经三个多世纪的沉淀,卢瓦尔河谷造就了独有的艺术与生活形态。

巴黎雷欧:卢瓦尔河畔的法兰西珠串

06

贞德帮助查理在兰斯大教堂登上王位。然而,在贞德被英格兰的盟友勃艮第人俘获后,曾经受恩于贞德的查理却没有援救她,致使法兰西民族英雄贞德于1431年被烧死,查理也因此背上了千古骂名。

四年后,他与勃艮第公爵“好人”菲利普三世和解,收复了巴黎,平息了大贵族的叛乱,最后在1453年结束了百年战争,收复了除加来港之外英国在法国境内的全部领地,取得了最后的胜利。

他就是查理七世,从王储到国王,从分裂到统一,促成了法兰西日后的强大,但由于放弃了对贞德的救援,他不被后人传诵,甚至还备受指摘。

07

查理七世选择卢瓦尔河畔作为避难所,卢瓦尔地区的城堡,大都被改建成美丽的官邸和宫殿,后来很多城堡更是经历了大规模的改建,成了法国地标性景点,大多都被打上了皇家的烙印,翁布瓦兹堡还一度成为王宫。卢瓦尔河畔因此渐渐孕育出了华丽多彩的宫廷文化。

卢瓦尔河畔的法式文化与艺术,生根发芽在战火中,成就了多代法兰西君主的皇家摇篮,编织和悠荡在水波声中。

卢瓦尔河中城堡倒影的墙壁上和砖瓦上,痕迹斑驳,那是几个世纪前的山河飘摇的记录。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:亘古恒今的巴黎西岱岛

国际商务谈判双璧:《国际谈判哲学》《国际谈判实务》

发布于:河南省