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巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

我在凡尔赛镇住了几年。一条宁静的小街道,米黄色的小楼上的居室,离凡尔赛宫只有50米。

据说凡尔赛宫所在地区原来是一片森林和沼泽荒地,1624年,法国国王路易十三花1万里弗尔在这里买下了一块荒地——117法亩,盖了一座两层红砖楼房,用作狩猎的行宫。

当时的行宫只有26个房间,一楼存放打猎的武器,二楼是寝室、藏衣室、办公室、接见室和随从人员的卧室。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

从路易十四开始,凡尔赛行宫不断扩建,作为法兰西宫庭长达107年,成为世界五大宫殿之一——另外四座宫殿是英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫和中国北京故宫。

如今,凡尔赛宫拥有2300个房间,67个楼梯和5210件家具。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

路易十四在位超过半个世纪,他在位早期,市民不断反抗和暴动,巴黎喧闹而混乱,路易十四决定将王室宫廷迁出巴黎,以路易十三的凡尔赛狩猎行宫为基础建造新宫殿。

路易十四的新建筑兼收并蓄了很多法国艺术家与建筑师的设计精髓,于1710年完成了宫殿和花园的全部建设。整个凡尔赛旋即成为欧洲最宏大、最豪华的宫殿建筑和法国乃至欧洲的贵族活动中心、艺术中心和文化时尚渊薮。

在凡尔赛宫的全盛时期,宫中居住的王子王孙、妃嫔贵妇、亲王贵族、主教及其侍从仆人竟达36000名之多。路易十四是在1682年春季将法兰西宫廷从巴黎迁往凡尔赛的,为了安置他的众多情妇,还修建了大特里亚农宫和马尔利宫。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

当时,在凡尔赛周围还驻扎有瑞士百人卫队、苏格兰卫队、宫廷警察、10000名步兵和4000名骑兵的皇家卫队,来保卫治安。

路易十五和路易十六相继为凡尔赛宫增添了新的内容,修建了小特里亚农宫和瑞士农庄等。宫殿重新装饰并融汇所有可能的建筑风格,法国古典主义、洛可可式直至新古典主义的建筑风格应有尽有,最终格局变得巨大无比。

由于过分追求宏大奢华,使得凡尔赛宫的居住生活极不方便。巨大的宫殿之中没有一处盥洗场所,这对路易十四来说可能不算什么,因为他一辈子洗澡不超过7次,路易十五就很厌恶这种“沙漠式”的设计了。而且寝宫宽敞豪华,却不保暖,厕所极少,连王太子都不得不在卧室的壁炉内便溺,弊端太突出了。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

路易十六在法国大革命中,曾匿身凡尔赛宫,1789年10月被愤怒的巴黎民众抓到巴黎城内,后被推上断头台,凡尔赛宫作为法兰西宫廷的历史宣告终结。

在随后的革命大恐怖中,凡尔赛宫被多次洗掠,宫中陈设的家具、壁画、挂毯、吊灯和生活用品不翼而飞,门窗也被砸毁拆除。

到了1793年,凡尔赛宫内残存的艺术品和家具被装车运至巴黎城内的卢浮宫,凡尔赛宫繁华尽逝,沦为废墟。

1833年,奥尔良王朝的路易·菲利普国王下令修复凡尔赛宫,将它改成了历史博物馆。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

修复后的凡尔赛宫建筑面积和园林面积合起来超过百万平方米,东西走向的正宫两端与南宫和北宫相衔接,形成对称格局。宫殿外壁上端林立的大理石人物雕像,造型优美,栩栩如生。内部装饰,以雕刻、油画及挂毯为主,配置了工艺精湛的家具和来自世界各地的珍贵艺术品。

凡尔赛宫中的镜廊是人们必须欣赏的名胜。

镜廊全长72米,宽10米,高13米,连结两个大厅,一面是17扇朝花园敞开的巨大的拱形窗门,另一面镶嵌着与拱形窗对称的17面镜子,计由400多块镜片组成。

镜廊拱形天花板上是皇家画师勒勃兰的巨幅油画,展现出一幅幅风起云涌的历史场景。

漫步镜廊,天空澄碧,园景静谧,左右映照,满目苍翠,亦真亦幻,予人遐思。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

正宫前面,风格独特的法兰西式大花园之内,树木花草的栽植别具匠心,人工雕琢特色突出,极其讲究对称和几何图形化。站在正宫前极目远眺,玉带似的人工河上波光粼粼,帆影点点,两侧大树参天,郁郁葱葱,绿荫中女神雕塑亭亭而立。近处是两池碧波,沿池的铜雕塑丰姿多态,美不胜收。

巴黎雷欧:豪华奢侈的法兰西故宫

住在凡尔赛宫最近的地方,我却无暇和无缘游览其间,因为当时的我刚进入通用电气公司欧亚总部工作,既穷又忙,倒是常常在宫苑一侧幽静的林间道路上跑步锻炼,景色优美恬静,令人心旷神怡,留下了属于自己的记忆。

凡尔赛宫驰名世界,被誉为人类艺术宝库中的璀璨明珠,当然,它又是我在凡尔赛镇居住时的富豪邻居。

今天的同游巴黎暂时告一段落,朋友吉祥!

2017.04

巴黎雷欧:亘古恒今的巴黎西岱岛

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巴黎雷欧:国际司法诉讼的同等、互惠、豁免、协助等

巴黎雷欧:国际商务争议的协商、调停和仲裁

巴黎雷欧(李由,任由之),国际经济谈判专业(博)毕业,著有《国际谈判哲学》(2016)+《国际谈判实务》(2016法文版华文版)《法国现代书画艺术评论》(英文版3 卷)和《雷欧带你认识法国》《雷欧带你认识巴黎》等书籍,其论著《跨国公司内部谈判效益论析》(法文版,图中咖啡色书籍)为法国高商图书馆示范论著和美国通用公司(欧亚总部)特定读物。

发布于:河南省