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原创 元朝末年和五代十国，哪个统一天下的难度更大？

津城沐雨
2026-03-07 22:56

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如何让军队有战斗力，那就是给士兵足够的利益。节度使控制了地方财政、军事等权利，士兵同样拥有土地、丰厚的利益。长期的战争和利益诉求，士兵们心也就野了，只要刀剑在手，就有利益，他们谁也不愿意放下武器，谁要裁撤他们，他们就敢豁出一身胆，敢把皇帝拉下马。唐朝末年和五代的军阀割据也不同于历史上其他的地方割据，这些地方势力不是节度使有多厉害，而是他们的士兵很厉害。如果节度使违背了士兵的利益，士兵们会直接把节度使杀掉，另换一个节度使上台的。长期的割据和军事化，士兵们本土化现象非常严重，这直接导致士兵们在本土作战非常勇猛，可一旦对外作战，他们就不愿意拼命了。原因也很简单，别人过来攻打他们，他们为了自己的利益，会拼命抵抗的，对他们来说这直接关系到他们的利益。对外作战，打别的节度使，扩张得到的利益更多的都被节度使拿走了，他们得不到多少，他们为啥要拼命呢？就拿唐朝后期的李愬雪夜袭蔡州来说，蔡州是什么地方？这里可不是险关要隘，这是中原腹心之地，周边都是平原，无险可守。可是，就是这样这个无险可守、四面皆敌的情况下，唐朝派遣的几大节度使，打了那么久愣是打不下来。最后还是唐朝中央的嫡系李愬，趁着雪夜袭击拿下来的。为什么这么难打？一方面就是别的节度使士兵不出力，打下来也没有那么多好处，我干嘛要拼命？

展开剩余 51 %

另一方面，蔡州的士兵，对人家来说，那不是给节度使卖力，那是为自己争取利益。一旦失败了，自己的财富、性命很可能都成了别人的。为别人卖命难，为自己卖命真！拿这样的士兵守土容易，可是去攻城拔寨，很难横扫天下，统一起来自然比较难。很多人都知道赵匡胤的黄袍加身，认为是赵匡胤演戏，竟然也有人真信？现在很多人在嘀咕，可在当时被迫当皇帝是常有的事情。在赵匡胤之前，郭威、李嗣源等人，都是被士兵逼着当皇帝的。不是皇帝、节度使想对抗你，而是士兵想升官发财奔前程。要想完成统一，必须解决格局问题，必须解决上百万职业军人的饭碗问题，解决不了，人家就不干。为什么宋朝重文轻武那么严重？还不是五代十国武力过于充沛，矫枉必须过正，不过正就不足以矫枉。重文轻武，这是宋朝的应激反应。

相比于五代十国，元朝末年就简单多了。元朝末年朝廷内部腐败不堪，军队也不再是当年横扫欧洲的铁骑，需要的只是一把火，烧毁这将倾大厦。红巾军起义后期，主要战争已经不是起义军和元朝的斗争了，而是谁先完成对其他起义军的统一，谁就注定了统一，推翻元朝只是最后的摧枯拉朽了。朱元璋打败陈友谅的战役，远比北伐中原难得多，灭掉陈友谅、张士诚后，大军北伐只用了一年，就收复了元大都，元朝残余势力重新回到草原上。所以，五代十国相比于元朝末年，完成统一要更加困难。对此，大家认为呢？

发布于：河北省

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